1.What is Taurine?

Taurine is an amino acid derived from sulfur-containing amino acids, also known as tauric acid, taurocholic acid, taurine, or taurine. It is widely distributed in various tissues and organs throughout the body, primarily existing in a free state in interstitial fluid and intracellular fluid. Initially discovered in bull bile—hence its name—taurine was long considered a non-functional metabolite of sulfur-containing amino acids.

Taurine is a sulfur-containing amino acid in animals but is not a component of proteins. It exists as a free amino acid in the brain, heart, liver, kidneys, ovaries, uterus, skeletal muscles, blood, saliva, and milk of humans and animals, with the highest concentrations found in the pineal gland, retina, pituitary gland, and adrenal glands. In mammalian hearts, free taurine accounts for 50% of the total free amino acids.

Physiological Functions

Taurine is an organic osmoregulatory substance that:

• Regulates cell volume

• Provides the foundation for bile salt formation

• Modulates intracellular free calcium concentration

Although taurine is a non-proteinogenic amino acid, it is the most abundant amino acid in the brain, retina, and muscle tissues.

Applications & Biological Roles

Taurine has broad applications, including:

• Central nervous system function

• Cytoprotection

• Cardiomyopathy

• Renal dysfunction & developmental abnormalities

• Retinal nerve damage

Nearly all ocular tissues contain taurine. Quantitative analysis of rat eye tissue extracts shows that taurine is the most abundant amino acid in the retina, vitreous humor, lens, cornea, iris, and ciliary body.

Key Biological Functions

Extensive research confirms that taurine is a biologically active substance regulating normal physiological activities, with the following functions:
✔ Anti-inflammatory & analgesic effects
✔ Maintains osmotic balance
✔ Supports normal vision
✔ Regulates cellular calcium balance
✔ Lowers blood sugar
✔ Modulates nerve conduction
✔ Participates in endocrine activity
✔ Regulates lipid digestion & absorption
✔ Enhances cardiac contractility
✔ Boosts immune function
✔ Strengthens cell membrane antioxidant capacity
✔ Protects myocardial cells

 

2.How it Works?

Taurine's working principles primarily involve its biosynthetic pathways, transport mechanisms, and disease-specific mechanisms of action in organisms.

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1. Biosynthetic Pathway

Taurine is mainly synthesized by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and their osteogenic lineage cells. Single-cell transcriptomic data reveal high expression of key synthetic enzymes CDO1 and CSAD in these cells. Notably, CDO1 is universally upregulated in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) progression or relapse.

Experimental Evidence:

• When MSCs differentiate into osteoblasts, taurine production increases.

• Knockout of CDO1 in MSCs significantly suppresses the growth of co-cultured leukemia stem cells (LSCs) and extends survival in AML mouse models.

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2. Transport Mechanism

Leukemia cells rely on the taurine transporter SLC6A6 (encoding the high-affinity taurine transporter TAUT) to uptake taurine, which is then shuttled into cells to fuel cancer cell proliferation and expansion.

Key Findings:

• Exogenous taurine supplementation accelerates myeloid leukemia progression.

• Blocking TAUT function significantly inhibits leukemia cell proliferation and survival, suggesting this transporter as a potential therapeutic target.

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3. Disease-Specific Mechanisms (e.g., Leukemia)

Taurine plays a critical role in leukemia by:

• Serving as a "nutrient supply" for leukemia cells.

• Acting as a key activator of the RAG-GTP-dependent mTOR signaling pathway, driving glycolytic metabolism to provide sustained energy for cancer cells.

• Interacting with the bone marrow tumor microenvironment (TME) to enhance LSC growth advantage and immune evasion.

 

3.Benefits and Uses

1. Promotes Brain Development and Cognitive Function in Infants
Taurine is abundant and widely distributed in the brain, significantly promoting the growth, development, proliferation, and differentiation of the nervous system in a dose-dependent manner. It plays a critical role in the development of brain neurons. Studies show that preterm infants have lower taurine levels in their brains compared to full-term infants due to immature cysteine sulfinic acid decarboxylase (CSAD) activity, which limits taurine synthesis. Breast milk—especially colostrum—is rich in taurine. Insufficient taurine intake can lead to delayed growth and intellectual development in children. Taurine is closely linked to the development of the central nervous system and retina in fetuses and infants. Long-term reliance on cow's milk alone may cause taurine deficiency.

2. Enhances Neural Transmission and Visual Function
Cats and nocturnal owls prey on mice primarily because mice are rich in taurine, which helps maintain sharp vision. Taurine deficiency in infants can lead to retinal dysfunction. Patients on long-term intravenous nutrition without taurine supplementation show abnormal electroretinogram (ERG) results, which can only be corrected with high-dose taurine.

3. Prevents Cardiovascular Diseases
In the circulatory system, taurine:

• Inhibits platelet aggregation

• Lowers blood lipids

• Maintains normal blood pressure and prevents atherosclerosis

• Protects myocardial cells and counters arrhythmias

• Reduces cholesterol levels and treats heart failure

4. Regulates Lipid Absorption
In the liver, taurine binds with bile acids to form taurocholic acid, which is essential for lipid absorption in the digestive tract. Taurocholic acid:

• Enhances solubility of lipids and cholesterol

• Relieves bile duct obstruction

• Reduces cytotoxicity of free bile acids

• Inhibits cholesterol gallstone formation

• Increases bile flow

5. Improves Endocrine Function and Immunity
Taurine:

• Stimulates pituitary hormone secretion

• Activates pancreatic function, improving metabolic regulation

• Boosts immune response and reduces fatigue

6. Modulates Glucose Metabolism
Taurine binds to insulin receptors, promoting glucose uptake and utilization, accelerating glycolysis, and lowering blood sugar levels. Studies indicate its hypoglycemic effect is independent of insulin release, likely mediated via post-receptor mechanisms.

7. Inhibits Cataract Development
Taurine regulates lens osmotic pressure and exerts antioxidant effects. In cataracts, sorbitol accumulation increases osmotic pressure while taurine levels drop, weakening antioxidant defenses and causing protein oxidation. Taurine supplementation can prevent or slow cataract progression.

8. Enhances Memory
Animal studies show taurine improves learning and memory in rats. Supplementation enhances both speed and accuracy of memory retention and may delay neuronal aging.

9. Maintains Reproductive Health
Adequate taurine is vital for normal reproduction. Studies confirm that cat diets with <0.101% taurine lead to:

• Poor reproductive performance

• Increased stillbirths, miscarriages, and birth defects

• Reduced offspring survival
  Diets with ≥0.105% taurine maintain healthy reproduction.

10. Other Functions

• Treats iron-deficiency anemia by enhancing iron absorption and stabilizing erythrocyte membranes

• Acts as a growth factor for bifidobacteria, improving gut microbiota

• Exhibits antioxidant and anti-aging properties

• Aids recovery from acute hepatitis

• Protects against CCl4 toxicity and suppresses ALT elevation

• Counters nephrotoxicity 

• Provides sedative, analgesic, and anti-inflammatory effects

• Prevents frostbite, KCN poisoning, and migraines

 

4.Q&A

Q:Does the company accept sample orders?

A:Yes, our company accepts sample orders.

Q:What is the minimum order quantity for the company?

A:We do not have a minimum order quantity requirement, we arrange according to the customer's needs.

Q:How to ensure the quality of goods?

A:We have a strict QC/QA management system and strict release procedures, and we will provide all procedures to customers before shipment according to their requirements.

Q:Can we see the product quality before the order is shipped?

A:Of course, we always provide a relative Batach (s) 'COA before shipping.

Q:How will you deliver the goods?

A:We will communicate with customers, adopt their suggestions, arrange the most suitable delivery method, and ensure mutual satisfaction.